Chemical washing.
 
 
Sometimes, fortunately in some rare situations, chemical are needed to improve washing effects, separation among different materials etc.
 
All systems can handle chemicals, as long as they are manufactured out of Stainless Steel, meaning it is pretty easy to ad chemical to any system thus improving washing and separation effects.
 
The other face of the medal is you should be able to get rid of them before discharging.
 
The most known and used chemical agent is caustic soda, mainly used to remove glue from PET bottles flakes.
 
Caustic is used together with surfactants helping to trap the glue and dirt molecules and, sometimes, to decrease the causticity of the caustic soda itself.
 
To neutralize caustic soda is a simple job so, you may say, no big deal; unfortunately the caustic soda you get after processing it with dirt and glue has been transformed into glycol, water and salts, then you have the glue (that didn't disappear) dirt and all these good stuff.
 
So, to get rid of this is not an easy job.
 
Moreover, if a very deep rinsing isn't applied, the oxygen of the NA2CO3 is more than happy to complete the chain of the polymer giving as result a very yellow pellet.    (that you may not like)
 
Therefore, while adding chemicals is a cost, to get rid of them is a much bigger one.
 
Chemicals are compulsory when washing PET bottles for food applications; the FDA requires in fact a purity that cannot be achieved without them but, other than that, you better stay away from chemicals of any sort.
 
Unless you are a very good chemist and you know what you're doing.
 
Here a very interesting link where you will find something about polymers of all kind, with some aspects of recycling:
 
THE MACROGALLERIA
 
Then, if you want to deeper into the subject, here some more:
 
CENTER OF POLYMER STUDIES
POLYMER CHEMISTRY
POLYMER CHEMISTRY GLOSSARY